Morpho language

The morpho language is simple but expressive. If you're familiar with C-like languages (C, C++, Java, Javascript) you'll find it very natural. A much more detailed description is provided in Chapter Language, but a brief summary is provided in the above figure and we provide an overview of key ideas to help you follow the tutorial:

• Comments. Any text after // or surrounded by /``* and *``/ is a comment and not processed by morpho:

  // This is a comment
  /* This too! */
  

• Variables. To create a variable, use the var keyword; you can then assign and use the variable arbitrarily:

  var a = 1
  print a
  

• Functions. Functions may take parameters, and you call them like this:

  print sin(x)
  

  and declare them like this:

  fn f(x,y) {
      return x^2+y^2
  }
  

  Some functions take optional arguments, which look like this:

  var a = foo(quiet=true)
  

• Objects. Morpho is deeply object-oriented. Most things in morpho are represented as objects, which provide methods that you can use to control them. Objects are made by constructor functions that begin with a capital letter (and may take arguments):

  var a = Object()
  

  Method calls then look like this:

  a.foo()
  

• Collections. Morpho provides a number of collection typesall of which are objectsincluding Lists,

  var a = [1,2,3]
  

  and Dictionaries:

  var b = { "Massachusetts": "Boston", "California": "Sacramento" }
  

  and Ranges (often used in loops):

  var a = 0..10:2 # all even numbers 0-10 inclusive
  

  There are many others, including Matrices, Sparse matrices, etc.